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Could Earth sustain life without having been hit by a dwarf planet?

There are lots of ideas about how life got started on Earth, say our readers, but if an object hadn’t crashed into Earth to form the moon, as per the giant-impact hypothesis, life may not have begun

6 March 2024

Asteroid impact event. Lateral sectioned view of an asteroid impact, similar to that which is thought to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs around 65 million years ago. The impact took place at sea near the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, forming the Chicxulub crater (around 200 kilometres across). The impact threw trillions of tons of dust into the atmosphere and sent tsunamis (massive waves) around the globe, destroying coastal areas. Dust and water vapour in the atmosphere lowered global temperatures. Plant and then animal life began to die off. The dinosaurs never recovered, and mammals rose to become the dominant form of life.

CLAUS LUNAU/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

If an object hadn’t crashed into Earth to form the moon, as is hypothesised, Earth would be bigger. Would it still sustain life?

Ron Dippold
San Diego, California, US

You reference the giant impact hypothesis, the most favoured explanation for the moon’s existence and composition.

It suggests that, about 100 million years after our solar system started to form, proto-Earth got smacked by Theia, a Mars-sized planet. This knocked enough debris into orbit to form the moon. The early solar system was so crowded and chaotic, it was like the seven-lane “Magic Roundabout” in Swindon, UK, if all the drivers…

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